Posted by: Michael Mandel on September 28
The Bureau of Economic Analysis took a big leap into the 21st century today. The agency released a new set of figures on R&D spending and how it affects the economy, a big improvement on what it has done in the past. As the BEA says,
Current national economic accounting treatment does not separately identify the contribution of R&D and many other intangible assets to U.S. economic growth. The satellite account, or experimental format, provides a means to illustrate the impacts of adjusting the treatment of R&D activity in the national economic accounts. The current release is part of BEA’s long-term efforts to improve its measures of intangibles in the economy.
There were three results which jumped out at me.
First, the new figures show that the R&D contribution to growth was much bigger in the second half of the 1990s—the New Economy years—than in the preceding 30 years (measured as investment). In particular, the 1970s shape up as a particularly bad period, where R&D didn’t contribute much to growth at all (these figures just look at the direct contribution to growth, rather than the spillovers)

Second, the new figures from the BEA show very clearly how the R&D slowdown in 2001 and 2002 helped worsen the recession and impede the recovery. The same thing was true in 1974 and 1975 as well. It turns out that R&D has a hidden cyclical effect (as I wrote in my 2006 cover story “Unmasking the Economy”).
Finally, the new data dramatically increases the contribution of the pharmaceutical industry to the growth of private industry and to total value-added of private industry. In fact, after properly accounting for R&D, pharmaceuticals provided a bigger share of private industry value-added between 1995 and 2004 than computer manufacturing, semiconductors, aerospace, or software publishing.*
Conclusion:These numbers are not perfect, but they are far better than we had before.
*I had this wrong in the first version of this post.
Two questions :
1) So, is the economy still 'so much stronger that we think'?
2) What have the R&D trends been for 2005-07?
Indeed, R&D is *critical* to economic progress. Michael, like you I'm an economics forecaster, alas I have to remain incognito--not that you'd know me, but my company's management would prefer it that way. Anyway: two things have struck me more and more in reviewing data from 1945 on. First, in recent decades the private sector has been bowing out of basic research--something like Bell Labs would be impossible to start today, because there is no short term ROI to point to. If future historians label the 21st century "the Chinese Century" that will probably be why. Second, what *really* strikes me is how U.S. government spending can be either tremendously destructive, or tremendously constructive, depending on whether that spending is throwing money at the past (Social Security, Medicare, military) or investing in the future (NASA, ARPAnet, school lunches, building transportation infrastructure). The nut is that The Past has many powerful agents working to direct tax money toward the status quo. The future has no voice, as no one knows for sure what the future will bring, and children have no votes.
If I had but one wish, it would be that we (as a country) refocused the federal budget on investing in the future. Put bluntly: ration healthcare to adults if need be to ensure children get a healthy start. Stop spending on military platforms that harken back to World War II (aircraft carriers and attack subs...would have been handy in 1942, but where is the Al Quaeda blue water fleet?). Reallocate the billions we spend on 1945 era weapons systems to basic scientific research, especially for new sources of energy. Agricultural subsidies...if we want to preserve a nostalgic "Heartland" way of life, that's fine, the French like their own "Heartland" peasant culture, but both the U.S. and France should just bolster the incomes of small farmers directly. Zillions of dollars subsidizing uneconomical corn growing just leads to agribusiness muscling out the small farmers we love. Thanks for listening, and always question the conventional wisdom:)
Michael Mandel, BW's award-winning chief economist, provides his unique perspective on the hot economic issues of the day. From globalization to the future of work to the ups and downs of the financial markets, Mandel-named 2006 economic journalist of the year by the World Leadership Forum-offers cutting edge analysis and commentary.