OCTOBER 15, 2002

SMART ANSWERS
By Karen E. Klein

No Erasing the Letter of the Law
Draw up an employment agreement in haste, regret it at your leisure. That's the lesson this business owner is learning -- the hard way


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Q: My wife hired an office manager for her business, using an offer letter that stated this employee would receive $32,000 in Year 1, $42,000 in Year 2, and $52,000 in Year 3, along with a small ownership percentage. The $52,000 is due in January, but this woman's performance does not warrant that salary. Can my wife fire her? Can she cancel the raise? The offer did not state that she would be an "at-will" employee. What can we do? -- A.E., Irvine, Calif.


A:
Your wife has created a real dilemma for herself. The issue is whether or not the letter created a contractual obligation with this employee, or if it gave the company an out -- perhaps by including provisions stating that the employee could be terminated under certain circumstances before the three-year period expired. If the letter does indeed constitute a legal contract, and your wife breaks that contract by firing her office manager or refusing to give her a raise, she and the company will be wide open for a lawsuit.

Even though the letter did not state that this office manager would be an "at will" employee, the general rule is that an employee is "at will" unless there is an employment agreement that states that the job will last for a particular duration, says Michael Karpeles, who specializes in employment law with Chicago-based Goldberg, Kohn, Bell, Black, Rosenbloom & Moritz. If the employee is "at will," then she can be terminated without further obligation.

THE SELF-MADE TRAP.  "The question in this case is whether the structure of the compensation arrangement implies that the office manager will be employed for at least three years, or only that she will be paid a certain amount if she remains employed during that period," Karpeles says. "To determine that, all of the facts and circumstances relating to how the offer was prepared, and what was discussed between the employer and the employee, would have to be evaluated. Perhaps an employee handbook, for example, says that all employees are at will. That could be significant."

Because the offer letter can be interpreted ambiguously, your wife should consult a qualified employment attorney before taking any action, Karpeles says. "Employers need to be careful of creating such contractual obligations for just the kind of reasons presented here," says Mae Lon Ding, president of Personnel Systems Associates, in Anaheim, Calif. If you want to be helpful, get your wife an appointment with an attorney who specializes in employment issues, and pronto. She will need the time to assess her options before January rolls around.



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