Foreclosure Goes Upscale

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An inflation panic in the fixed-income market is the latest blow to homeowners who are trying to sell to avoid foreclosure, because it's pushing up mortgage rates and pushing potential buyers out of the market. Rates on 30-year fixed, conforming mortgage loans jumped nearly half a percentage point, to 5.25%, in the week ended May 29 from a week earlier, according to the Mortgage Bankers Assn. Meanwhile, the market is unlikely to get much help from the Obama Administration's foreclosure-prevention program. Although it's somewhat more ambitious than the Bush Administration's program, it is voluntary for lenders and is off to a slow start since its March inception.

When will this second wave of foreclosures crest? David Crowe, chief economist of the National Association of Home Builders, doesn't see the peak coming until 2011, later than most other experts predict. Foreclosures typically top out after unemployment does, and Crowe doesn't expect that to occur until late this year. After that, Crowe says, more people will lose their homes because of upward resets on adjustable-rate mortgages. Credit Suisse says mid-2010 is the peak for scheduled resets, and resets will stay high well into 2012. While most of the subprime loans issued during the boom years have been washed out by now, there are still about half a trillion dollars' worth of option ARMs, which allow borrowers to add unpaid interest to the principal they owe. There's an even more alarming $2.5 trillion in "alt-A" loans, which are between prime and subprime and include a big chunk of the mortgages that required little or no proof of income or assets. Most of these loans were issued to people with relatively good credit who were buying more expensive homes.

A key unknown is how many middle- and upper-income homeowners will simply walk away from homes that are worth less than the mortgages on them. So far few have. Whitney R. Tilson, managing partner of New York investment firm T2 Partners and co-author of the book More Mortgage Meltdown, expects the ranks of walk-aways to increase, exacerbating foreclosures. But Rick Sharga, senior vice-president of RealtyTrac, a foreclosure data specialist, disagrees. "To sign a contract for a house and then walk away from it runs counter to everything we were taught," says Sharga, who predicts foreclosures will dip slightly in 2010.

Even if foreclosures don't rise, the rate is already so high that it will put considerable pressure on the national housing market for at least two more years, says Mark Hanson, managing director of Field Check Group, a Menlo Park (Calif.) research firm.

While forecasts differ in detail, the clear message is that foreclosure is going upscale. And that means the housing bust won't end anytime soon.

With Brian Burnsed

Coy is BusinessWeek's Economics editor.

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