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Q&A: YES, PETER LYNCH DOES HAVE A FEW TIPS FOR YOU

Now that he's rubbing elbows with Lily Tomlin and Don Rickles on the small screen in Fidelity Investments' latest ad campaign, Peter Lynch can give up any hope of fading away like some old soldier of the mutual-fund wars. As manager of Fidelity's Magellan Fund from May, 1977, to May, 1990, Lynch's stellar stock-picking built the fund from $20 million to $14 billion. The legacy of that record is high credibility, which he's using not just to help Fidelity, whose board of trustees he sits on, but also for a broader drive against what he calls "financial illiteracy."

Business Week's Robert Barker caught up with Lynch by phone one recent morning while he prepared in a San Francisco hotel room for a marketing appearance. Excerpts of their discussion follow.

Q: What's the mood of individual investors you're meeting with?
A:
It's funny. I've been speaking with individual investors -- jeepers, it's over 20 years, and I've done three books and a CD-ROM and I've written 40 magazine articles. It really bothers me that these are people who $5,000 is a huge deal to and they do in a lot of cases a pretty bad job with it. And so it's sort of a crusade I have to fight financial illiteracy, and I can't say we've made a lot of progress in 25 years.

Q: Is that right?
A:
We had Yankelovich do a survey around this. They did a major survey: 75% of Americans don't know that if rates go up bonds go down. I mean, it's mind-boggling. It's just absolutely mind-boggling. And they admitted, they absolutely admitted they spend more time buying a refrigerator than they do researching their retirement or their investments. There are people who will spend three hours saving $100 on a round-trip air ticket to Hawaii, and they have no idea where to start and what to do and they're frustrated, but they're acting anyway.

Q: What should individual investors properly be worrying about?
A:
The single most important thing to worry about is not understanding what you own. People just do not know the difference between a corporate bond fund and a government bond fund. They don't know the difference between an emerging growth fund and an emerging-market fund. People don't go to a restaurant and just say, get me anything. I mean, they look at the menu, and they ask the waiter for help.

Twenty years ago or even 10 years ago, you didn't have to worry about this stuff. You'd retire. You'd get 50% of your last year's salary the rest of your life, or 60%, and your spouse would get it. I mean, you didn't have to care whether the bond market went up or the stock market went up. That was the responsibility of the company. Now, not only do a lot of companies not have pension plans but sometimes you have these horror stories where somebody gets early retirement and they say, "O.K., lady; O.K., buddy, here's $150,000. Here's $300,000. It's yours." People have lost this money. They've lost it!

Q: With all the bad news right now, did individuals bail out at a market bottom?
A:
Maybe it'll happen now. Maybe it'll happen three years from now. You know, you get these periods. Look at 1990. In 1990, we had 500,000 troops in Saudi Arabia about to start a war. Our banking system was really in trouble. Not the Japanese banking system -- I mean, Chase was almost gone. Citicorp was almost gone. Chemical was almost gone. Manny Hanny was almost gone. It was tough stuff. And we had a recession. Three ugly things all together. And we had the body bag count, remember? The debate in the press was, how many body bags we sent to Saudi Arabia?

There's always something to worry about. In the 1950s there was something to worry about. People worried about another depression. They worried about building fallout shelters. I remember people worried a while ago about oil going from $4 to $40 a barrel. And the experts said it's going to go to $100, and we're going to have a depression. And then in four years, oil went back to $12, and the experts said it was going to go to $4, and we're going to have a depression. And then we had the commercial-banking crisis and the savings-and-loan crisis. And remember when Japan was going to own the world eight or nine years ago, and they weren't going to buy our bonds, and we were going to have a depression? Now everybody's worried that Japan's going to have a depression, and then we're going to have a depression. I can't imagine we're not going to have a period of time when there's no bad news around.

Q: Are all these external events things that individual investors should ignore?
A:
Tune out. Tune out. They should tune out to all this stuff. They should say, this is what I'm happy with. This is a mix I'm content with, and I'm willing to ride with this for the next 5, 10, 15 years, and I'm just not going to worry. I frankly believe that the world has survived.... Corporate profits, despite nine recessions, have gone up about 9% a year, and the market has gone up about 9% or 10% a year.

Q: What lessons, then, should individual investors take from the market action over the past three months?
A:
The lesson is: You ought to say to yourself, "Do I need this money in the next year?" And that should be true at all times -- when the market's going up or the market's going down.

I had somebody call me a little over a year ago. He said, we've saved money, my wife and I. Our whole life we put our kids through college, and now we have a mortgage on our house, but we can handle that. And our daughter's getting married next November. And we've saved enough money for that. We're going to go to this wedding that's coming up this November...and he said, "Could you give me one of those funds at Fidelity for the next year, one of those ones that goes up about 30%, 35% a year? I don't want to go for a real aggressive product, you know."

And I said to him, "Well, listen, what are you going to do if the market goes down in the next year? Are you going to get rid of the band? Have a cash bar? And maybe you don't have a church?" I mean this person was willing to put his money in a stock fund for 12 months. That's absurd.




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